PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS

 PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS

       

          Programming paradigms use to classify programming languages based on their various features. Programming Languages can be classified into several paradigms. Paradigm also can be named as methods to solve problems or do some tasks. A programming paradigm is an approach to solving problems using programming languages. There are lots of paradigms for fulfilling each and every need.

Imperative Programming Paradigm

                This is one of the oldest programming paradigms. The features of these paradigms are closer to machine architecture. This is based on Von Neumann's architecture. It performs step by step changing the program state through assignment statements. Its main focus is on how to achieve the goal. 

Procedural Programming Paradigm :

       This is emphasizing on the procedure in terms of the underlying machine model. This paradigm has the ability to reuse the code and it was a boon at that time when it was in use.

Object-Oriented Programming :

    OOP is written as a collection of classes and objects which are meant for communication. The smallest and basic entity in this paradigm is the object. This paradigm can handle almost all kinds of real-life problems in scenarios. 

Parallel Processing Approach : 

     This is the processing of program instructions by dividing them among multiple processors. The parallel processing approach seems to be like divide and conquer. Examples for this approach are NESL and C. C++ is also supported because of some library functions.

Declarative Programming Paradigm 

                 This is a style of building programs that express the logic of computation. It considers programs as theories and it may simplify writing parallel programs. This paradigm focuses on what needs to be done rather than how it going to be done. It is the main difference between Imperative and Declarative paradigms. 

Logical Programming Paradigms :

         This paradigm can be used as an abstract model of computation. It would solve logical problems. In this programming method, the main emphasis is on a knowledge base and the problem we have to solve. The execution of the program is similar to proofing a mathematical statement.

Functional Programming Paradigm :

        This paradigm has its roots in mathematics and it is language independent. The execution is a series of mathematical functions. Functions can be replaced with their values without changing the meaning of the program we write. Perl, Javascript are mostly used languages in this paradigm.

Database Programming Approach :

         This methodology is based on data and its movements. In this paradigm, Program statements are defined by data rather than hard-coding steps. This is the heart of a business information system and it provides file creation, data entry, updates, query, and reporting functions. SQL is one of the programming languages that are developed mostly for database applications.